What Is the Name Given to a Negatively Charged Atom?

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Protons and Electrons	For every proton in an atomic center, somewhere, in an orbital, in that location will be an electron. A proton carries a positive charge ( + ) and an electron carries a negative charge ( - ), so the atoms of elements are neutral, all the positive charges canceling out all the negative charges. Atoms differ from one another in the number of protons, neutrons and electrons they contain. Yet their arrangement always follows the aforementioned set of principles. protons and neutrons in the diminutive center electrons in orbitals at energy levels electrons always occupy the lowest energy level possible
A Matter of Stability	Hydrogen and helium illustrate the fact that not all atoms have the aforementioned properties. Both are gasses, but hydrogen gas is violently explosive, whereas helium gas is completely inert and cannot exist made to undergo whatsoever kind of chemical reactions nether normal circumstances. Atoms of hydrogen have a single proton in their center and a single electron in the lowest free energy level. Helium atoms, on the other hand, have ii protons and two electrons in the lowest energy level. The lowest energy level is filled with its maximum number of electrons. This is a very stable system, and helium in consequence is an inert gas with few chemical backdrop. Hydrogen only has one electron in its lowest energy level. This is a very unstable arrangement, and hydrogen gas undergoes a variety of reactions so every bit to reach a stable electron configuration where its energy level is either empty of electrons, or filled with electrons. Atoms are at their near stable when their outermost free energy level is either empty of electrons or filled with electrons.
Ions	Sodium atoms have 11 electrons. Two of these are in the lowest energy level, viii are in the second free energy level and so one electron is in the tertiary energy level. This is a very unstable system, and the element sodium is a highly reactive, deadly white semi-solid that will burst into flames on exposure to the air or volition burn through human flesh on contact. A reactive substance. Chlorine atoms accept 17 electrons. 2 in the lowest, 8 in the second and 7 in the third free energy level. This too is a very unstable arrangement. This element is a gas at room temperature and was used in World War One as a poisonous assail weapon because of its high reactivity with human being lungs. These ii atoms were fabricated for one another. Sodium atoms readily give upwards the unmarried electron in the outermost orbital. This electron is immediately picked up by a chlorine cantlet and fitted into the concluding empty infinite in its outermost orbital. At present both atomic arrangements are much more than stable. They both have outermost orbitals which are filled with electrons. However, there is a toll to be paid for this stability. In giving upwardly an electron, the sodium cantlet has lost a negative electrical charge. It still has all its positively charged protons, and then the remaining construction is no longer electrically neutral. It has a cyberspace positive charge (+). Similarly, the chorine atom has picked up this actress negative charge and no extra protons, then information technology is now carrying a internet negative charge (-). These new atomic arrangements are chosen ions , and the process of electron exchange is chosen ionization .
Ionic Bonds	Ionic bonds are a type of linkage formed from the attraction betwixt oppositely charged ions. Such bonds are created when the outermost electrons of one atom (such as sodium) are transferred permanently to some other atom (such as chlorine). The atom that has lost an electron becomes a positively charged ion (called a cation), while the atom that picks up the actress electron becomes a negatively charged ion (chosen an anion). Reverse charges attract one another while similar charges repel one another. Then, the ions orient themselves in such a way that every positive ion becomes surrounded by negative ions and every negative ion becomes surrounded past positive ions. The ions so conform themselves that the positive and negative charges alternate and balance one another out. Sodium chloride is a solid nutrient additive that is more stable than either of its elective parts, all because the outermost energy levels of its atoms are filled with electrons.

... now you explore ions for yourself.
BIO dot EDU © 2003, Professor John Blamire